diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/kestrel/store/engine/LoggingPageStore.kt b/src/main/kotlin/kestrel/store/engine/LoggingPageStore.kt
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/src/main/kotlin/kestrel/store/engine/LoggingPageStore.kt
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+package kestrel.store.engine
+
+import kestrel.store.page.Page
+import kestrel.store.page.PageStore
+import kestrel.store.txn.TransactionManager
+
+/**
+ * A [PageStore] decorator that watches every page a single logical operation
+ * touches and turns whatever ends up dirty into [TransactionManager.logUpdate]
+ * calls, without [kestrel.store.heap.HeapFile] or [kestrel.store.btree.BPlusTree]
+ * knowing they are being logged - they were written against [PageStore] with
+ * no notion of a transaction.
+ *
+ * One instance is meant to wrap exactly one logical operation (an insert, a
+ * delete, ...): the first [fetchPage] or [newPage] for a given page id
+ * captures its "before" image (an all-zero page for a freshly allocated one,
+ * since that is the state [kestrel.store.wal.RecoveryManager] would undo
+ * back to), and [finish] compares that snapshot against whatever the
+ * delegate's live [Page] holds once the operation is done, logging one WAL
+ * record per page whose bytes actually changed. [onTouch] is called only for
+ * those actually-logged pages, once [finish] has decided which ones they
+ * are: a page a caller merely read must never be reported, because its
+ * cached bytes can be dirty with an earlier, already-committed transaction's
+ * write that just has not been flushed yet, and [kestrel.store.wal.RecoveryManager]
+ * never touches such a page on disk during rollback, so invalidating it in
+ * the buffer pool would silently discard real data instead of undoing
+ * anything.
+ */
+class LoggingPageStore(
+    private val delegate: PageStore,
+    private val txnManager: TransactionManager,
+    private val txnId: Long,
+    private val onTouch: (Long) -> Unit = {}
+) : PageStore {
+    private val liveByPageId = LinkedHashMap<Long, Page>()
+    private val beforeImages = HashMap<Long, ByteArray>()
+
+    override fun fetchPage(pageId: Long): Page {
+        val page = delegate.fetchPage(pageId)
+        track(pageId, page)
+        return page
+    }
+
+    override fun newPage(): Page {
+        val page = delegate.newPage()
+        beforeImages[page.id] = ByteArray(Page.PAGE_SIZE)
+        track(page.id, page)
+        return page
+    }
+
+    override fun unpinPage(pageId: Long, markDirty: Boolean) = delegate.unpinPage(pageId, markDirty)
+
+    override fun deletePage(pageId: Long) = delegate.deletePage(pageId)
+
+    /** Logs one update record per page whose bytes differ from when it was first touched. */
+    fun finish() {
+        for ((pageId, page) in liveByPageId) {
+            val before = beforeImages.getValue(pageId)
+            val after = page.data
+            if (!before.contentEquals(after)) {
+                txnManager.logUpdate(txnId, pageId, before, after.copyOf())
+                onTouch(pageId)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun track(pageId: Long, page: Page) {
+        liveByPageId.putIfAbsent(pageId, page)
+        beforeImages.putIfAbsent(pageId, page.data.copyOf())
+    }
+}