From 61d6949735638d4f9ec7d5215399faf42b23ab04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DualFroz <me@dualfroz.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 2026 10:34:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] feat(core): add vector and matrix math primitives

---
 core/include/vf/Math.h | 124 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 124 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 core/include/vf/Math.h

diff --git a/core/include/vf/Math.h b/core/include/vf/Math.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b80911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/include/vf/Math.h
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+namespace vf {
+
+struct Vec3 {
+    float x = 0.0f, y = 0.0f, z = 0.0f;
+
+    Vec3() = default;
+    Vec3(float x, float y, float z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
+
+    Vec3 operator+(const Vec3& o) const { return {x + o.x, y + o.y, z + o.z}; }
+    Vec3 operator-(const Vec3& o) const { return {x - o.x, y - o.y, z - o.z}; }
+    Vec3 operator*(float s) const { return {x * s, y * s, z * s}; }
+    Vec3 operator-() const { return {-x, -y, -z}; }
+    Vec3& operator+=(const Vec3& o) { x += o.x; y += o.y; z += o.z; return *this; }
+    Vec3& operator-=(const Vec3& o) { x -= o.x; y -= o.y; z -= o.z; return *this; }
+};
+
+inline float dot(const Vec3& a, const Vec3& b) { return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z; }
+
+inline Vec3 cross(const Vec3& a, const Vec3& b) {
+    return {a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y, a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z, a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x};
+}
+
+inline float length(const Vec3& v) { return std::sqrt(dot(v, v)); }
+
+inline Vec3 normalize(const Vec3& v) {
+    float len = length(v);
+    if (len <= 1e-8f) return {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
+    float inv = 1.0f / len;
+    return {v.x * inv, v.y * inv, v.z * inv};
+}
+
+struct Vec3i {
+    int x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;
+
+    Vec3i() = default;
+    Vec3i(int x, int y, int z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
+
+    bool operator==(const Vec3i& o) const { return x == o.x && y == o.y && z == o.z; }
+    bool operator!=(const Vec3i& o) const { return !(*this == o); }
+    Vec3i operator+(const Vec3i& o) const { return {x + o.x, y + o.y, z + o.z}; }
+};
+
+struct Vec3iHash {
+    std::size_t operator()(const Vec3i& v) const {
+        std::uint64_t h = 1469598103934665603ull;
+        for (int c : {v.x, v.y, v.z}) {
+            h ^= static_cast<std::uint64_t>(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(c));
+            h *= 1099511628211ull;
+        }
+        return static_cast<std::size_t>(h);
+    }
+};
+
+// Column-major 4x4, matching the layout GL uploads without transpose.
+struct Mat4 {
+    float m[16] = {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1};
+
+    float& at(int col, int row) { return m[col * 4 + row]; }
+    float at(int col, int row) const { return m[col * 4 + row]; }
+
+    static Mat4 identity() { return Mat4{}; }
+
+    Mat4 operator*(const Mat4& o) const {
+        Mat4 out;
+        for (int col = 0; col < 4; ++col) {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; ++row) {
+                float sum = 0.0f;
+                for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) sum += at(k, row) * o.at(col, k);
+                out.at(col, row) = sum;
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+};
+
+inline Mat4 translation(const Vec3& t) {
+    Mat4 out;
+    out.at(3, 0) = t.x;
+    out.at(3, 1) = t.y;
+    out.at(3, 2) = t.z;
+    return out;
+}
+
+inline Mat4 perspective(float fovYRadians, float aspect, float near, float far) {
+    float f = 1.0f / std::tan(fovYRadians * 0.5f);
+    Mat4 out;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) out.m[i] = 0.0f;
+    out.at(0, 0) = f / aspect;
+    out.at(1, 1) = f;
+    out.at(2, 2) = (far + near) / (near - far);
+    out.at(2, 3) = -1.0f;
+    out.at(3, 2) = (2.0f * far * near) / (near - far);
+    return out;
+}
+
+inline Mat4 lookAt(const Vec3& eye, const Vec3& target, const Vec3& up) {
+    Vec3 forward = normalize(target - eye);
+    Vec3 right = normalize(cross(forward, up));
+    Vec3 trueUp = cross(right, forward);
+    Mat4 out;
+    out.at(0, 0) = right.x;   out.at(1, 0) = right.y;   out.at(2, 0) = right.z;
+    out.at(0, 1) = trueUp.x;  out.at(1, 1) = trueUp.y;  out.at(2, 1) = trueUp.z;
+    out.at(0, 2) = -forward.x; out.at(1, 2) = -forward.y; out.at(2, 2) = -forward.z;
+    out.at(3, 0) = -dot(right, eye);
+    out.at(3, 1) = -dot(trueUp, eye);
+    out.at(3, 2) = dot(forward, eye);
+    return out;
+}
+
+inline Vec3 directionFromYawPitch(float yawRadians, float pitchRadians) {
+    return {
+        std::cos(pitchRadians) * std::sin(yawRadians),
+        std::sin(pitchRadians),
+        -std::cos(pitchRadians) * std::cos(yawRadians),
+    };
+}
+
+} // namespace vf