diff --git a/src/examine.lua b/src/examine.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b5875d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/examine.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+-- Detailed, read-only inspection of a single inventory item or a visible
+-- monster. Aggregates facts that several other modules already track (an
+-- affix's on-hit rider, a socketed gem's element, a runeword's live bonus,
+-- an elite's affix names, a monster's resistances/awareness/status effects)
+-- into one readable report - none of which any existing HUD line
+-- (render.lua's status panel, commands.lua's own inventory/look) surfaces
+-- beyond a bare name. Every function here is read-only: it never mutates
+-- the item or monster it describes, and never spends a turn (see
+-- commands.lua's own examine handler).
+
+local Items = require("items")
+local Identify = require("identify")
+local Curses = require("curses")
+local Durability = require("durability")
+local Runewords = require("runewords")
+local Sets = require("sets")
+local Shop = require("shop")
+local Resistances = require("resistances")
+local Factions = require("factions")
+local Stealth = require("stealth")
+local Disease = require("disease")
+
+local Examine = {}
+
+local AWARENESS_LABEL = {
+  [Stealth.DORMANT] = "asleep",
+  [Stealth.SEARCHING] = "searching for you",
+  [Stealth.HUNTING] = "hunting you",
+}
+
+-- Joins whichever of attack/defense/regen a runeword or set threshold bonus
+-- carries, in a fixed order, so the same helper reads either shape.
+local function bonusText(bonus)
+  local parts = {}
+  if bonus.attack and bonus.attack ~= 0 then parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("attack +%d", bonus.attack) end
+  if bonus.defense and bonus.defense ~= 0 then parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("defense +%d", bonus.defense) end
+  if bonus.regen and bonus.regen ~= 0 then parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("regen +%d", bonus.regen) end
+  return table.concat(parts, ", ")
+end
+
+local NO_PRICE = { [Items.GOLD] = true, [Items.KEY] = true }
+
+-- Extra facts specific to one gear/consumable kind, appended after the
+-- shared label; nil for kinds with nothing beyond their name worth calling
+-- out (a plain key, a riftstone shard...).
+local function kindDetail(item)
+  if item.kind == Items.WEAPON or item.kind == Items.ARMOR or item.kind == Items.BOW then
+    local parts = { string.format("power %d", item.power) }
+    if item.range then parts[#parts + 1] = "range " .. item.range end
+    if item.damageType then parts[#parts + 1] = "deals " .. item.damageType .. " damage" end
+    Durability.ensure(item)
+    if Durability.isBroken(item) then
+      parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("durability %d/%d (broken)", item.durability, item.maxDurability)
+    else
+      parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("durability %d/%d", item.durability, item.maxDurability)
+    end
+    if item.temper and item.temper > 0 then parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("tempered +%d", item.temper) end
+    return table.concat(parts, ", ")
+  elseif item.kind == Items.RING then
+    return string.format("attack +%d, defense +%d", item.attack, item.defense)
+  elseif item.kind == Items.FOOD then
+    return string.format("restores %d nutrition", item.nutrition)
+  elseif item.kind == Items.TOME then
+    return "teaches the spell: " .. item.spell
+  elseif item.kind == Items.AMMO then
+    return string.format("%d in the stack", item.count)
+  elseif item.kind == Items.CHARM then
+    return "summons a companion: " .. item.companion
+  elseif item.kind == Items.KIT then
+    return "trap effect: " .. item.effect
+  elseif item.kind == Items.CONTRACT then
+    return "hires: " .. item.hireling
+  elseif item.kind == Items.PICK then
+    return string.format("%d uses left", item.uses)
+  elseif item.kind == Items.GEM then
+    return string.format("tier %d, power %d", item.tier, item.power)
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- Every non-kind-specific trait a piece of gear may carry, appended in a
+-- fixed order regardless of which of them are actually present.
+local function gearTraits(item, lines)
+  if item.affix then
+    local desc = item.affix.name
+    if item.affix.onHit then
+      desc = string.format("%s (on hit: %s, %d turns, potency %d)", desc,
+        item.affix.onHit.status, item.affix.onHit.duration, item.affix.onHit.potency)
+    end
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "affix: " .. desc
+  end
+
+  if item.artifact then
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "artifact power: " .. (item.unique or "passive bonus")
+  end
+
+  if item.set then
+    local spec = Sets.byKey[item.set]
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "set piece: " .. (spec and spec.name or item.set)
+  end
+
+  if item.socket then
+    lines[#lines + 1] = string.format("socketed: tier %d %s gem", item.socket.tier, item.socket.element)
+  end
+
+  if item.runes and #item.runes > 0 then
+    local word = Runewords.activeWord(item)
+    if word then
+      lines[#lines + 1] = string.format("runeword %s: %s", word.name, bonusText(word))
+    else
+      lines[#lines + 1] = "runes: " .. table.concat(item.runes, "-")
+    end
+  end
+
+  if item.resist then
+    local parts = {}
+    for damageType, tier in pairs(item.resist) do
+      parts[#parts + 1] = damageType .. " " .. tier
+    end
+    table.sort(parts)
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "grants: " .. table.concat(parts, ", ")
+  end
+
+  if Curses.isCursed(item) and Curses.isRevealed(item) then
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "cursed (" .. item.curseKind .. ")"
+  end
+end
+
+-- A multi-line, semicolon-joined report on a single inventory item: its
+-- (possibly still-disguised, see identify.lua) label, then whatever the
+-- fields above actually populate. Unidentified potions/scrolls only ever
+-- reach the label + value lines, since kindDetail and gearTraits both key
+-- off fields those kinds never carry.
+function Examine.item(identifyState, item)
+  local lines = { Curses.label(item, Identify.label(identifyState, item)) }
+  local detail = kindDetail(item)
+  if detail then lines[#lines + 1] = detail end
+  gearTraits(item, lines)
+  if not NO_PRICE[item.kind] then
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "worth " .. Shop.priceOf(item) .. " gold"
+  end
+  return table.concat(lines, "; ")
+end
+
+-- A multi-line, semicolon-joined report on a monster the player can
+-- currently see: its combat numbers (already folded through
+-- Entity:effectiveAttack/effectiveDefense, so momentum/hunger/sanity
+-- modifiers show up exactly as they would land the next swing), its
+-- alertness, standing faction and reputation tier, elite/boss tags, any
+-- non-normal resistance, and whatever status effects currently afflict it.
+function Examine.monster(player, monster)
+  local lines = { monster.name }
+  lines[#lines + 1] = string.format("hp %d/%d, attack %d, defense %d",
+    monster.hp, monster.maxHp, monster:effectiveAttack(), monster:effectiveDefense())
+  lines[#lines + 1] = "awareness: " .. (AWARENESS_LABEL[monster.awareness] or "hunting you")
+  if monster.provoked then lines[#lines + 1] = "provoked" end
+
+  if monster.faction then
+    local tier = Factions.tier(Factions.reputationFor(player, monster.faction))
+    lines[#lines + 1] = string.format("faction: %s (%s)", monster.faction, tier)
+  end
+
+  if monster.elite then
+    lines[#lines + 1] = (monster.eliteTier or "elite") .. ": " .. table.concat(monster.eliteAffixes or {}, ", ")
+  end
+
+  if monster.isBoss then
+    local tags = {}
+    if monster.enraged then tags[#tags + 1] = "enraged" end
+    if monster.desperate then tags[#tags + 1] = "desperate" end
+    lines[#lines + 1] = #tags > 0 and ("boss, " .. table.concat(tags, ", ")) or "boss"
+  end
+
+  local resistParts = {}
+  for _, damageType in ipairs(Resistances.TYPES) do
+    local tier = Resistances.tierOf(monster, damageType)
+    if tier ~= Resistances.NORMAL then
+      resistParts[#resistParts + 1] = damageType .. " " .. tier
+    end
+  end
+  if #resistParts > 0 then lines[#lines + 1] = "resistances: " .. table.concat(resistParts, ", ") end
+
+  if monster.statuses and #monster.statuses > 0 then
+    local parts = {}
+    for _, active in ipairs(monster.statuses) do
+      parts[#parts + 1] = string.format("%s (%d)", active.kind, active.duration)
+    end
+    lines[#lines + 1] = "afflicted: " .. table.concat(parts, ", ")
+  end
+
+  -- Only reachable via infighting.lua's own bite chance (a rival monster or
+  -- the player's own companion/hireling/thrall can now catch a disease from
+  -- a carrier's bite, not just the player) - shown the same way a
+  -- durability-damaged item's examine line reports a fact only visible
+  -- through inspection, not the bare glyph on the map.
+  if Disease.isInfected(monster) then
+    local def = Disease.defs[monster.disease.key]
+    lines[#lines + 1] = Disease.hasErupted(monster)
+      and string.format("diseased: %s (stage %d)", def.name, monster.disease.stage)
+      or string.format("diseased: %s (incubating)", def.name)
+  end
+
+  return table.concat(lines, "; ")
+end
+
+return Examine