diff --git a/src/render.lua b/src/render.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5685760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+-- ASCII presentation of the current level and a status panel. Reads game state
+-- only; never mutates. Unexplored cells stay blank, explored-but-unseen cells
+-- show terrain, and only cells currently lit reveal actors and loot.
+
+local Status = require("status")
+local Identify = require("identify")
+
+local Render = {}
+
+local function cell(game, x, y)
+  local level = game.level
+  local map = level.map
+  local idx = map:index(x, y)
+  if not level.explored[idx] then return " " end
+  if game.visible[idx] then
+    if game.player.x == x and game.player.y == y then return "@" end
+    local monster = level:entityAt(x, y)
+    if monster then return monster.glyph end
+    local here = level:itemsAt(x, y)
+    if #here > 0 then return here[1].item.glyph end
+  end
+  return map:get(x, y)
+end
+
+local function statusTags(entity)
+  local tags = {}
+  for _, active in ipairs(entity.statuses) do
+    tags[#tags + 1] = active.kind
+  end
+  if #tags == 0 then return "none" end
+  return table.concat(tags, ",")
+end
+
+function Render.panel(game)
+  local player = game.player
+  local level = game.level
+  local weapon = player.weapon and Identify.label(game.identify, player.weapon) or "none"
+  local armor = player.armor and Identify.label(game.identify, player.armor) or "none"
+  local ring = player.ring and player.ring.name or "none"
+  local torch = player.light.fuel > 0 and tostring(player.light.fuel) or "spent"
+  local lines = {
+    string.format("HP %d/%d  ATK %d  DEF %d  depth %d  turn %d  %s%s",
+      player.hp, player.maxHp, player:effectiveAttack(), player:effectiveDefense(),
+      game.depth, game.turn, level.generator, level.dark and "  dark" or ""),
+    string.format("food %d  torch %s  status %s", player.satiation, torch, statusTags(player)),
+    string.format("weapon %s  armor %s  ring %s  items %d  foes %d",
+      weapon, armor, ring, #player.inventory, #level.entities),
+  }
+  local last = game.log:last()
+  if last then lines[#lines + 1] = "- " .. last end
+  return table.concat(lines, "\n")
+end
+
+function Render.frame(game)
+  local map = game.level.map
+  local rows = {}
+  for y = 1, map.height do
+    local row = {}
+    for x = 1, map.width do
+      row[x] = cell(game, x, y)
+    end
+    rows[#rows + 1] = table.concat(row)
+  end
+  return table.concat(rows, "\n") .. "\n" .. Render.panel(game)
+end
+
+return Render